Yearly trends in the incidence of ocular traumas and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide population-based study of Korean data.

Background: Ocular trauma can cause irreversible visual impairment, and its incidence is higher than that of other ocular diseases in young patients. Past studies on ocular trauma have been limited in terms of small sample sizes, specific age groups, or a short period of assessment. Moreover, no studies have yet investigated the effects of changes in lifestyle during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on these trends. Therefore, we aimed to determine the yearly trends in the incidence of various ocular traumas over a 10-year period (2011-2020), and to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends. Methods: In this nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study, we recorded the yearly number of patients diagnosed with hyphema and those who underwent open reduction surgery for orbital blowout fracture (BOF), primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS), and intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. Results: While the annual incidence of closed-globe injuries and PCCS decreased significantly in age groups less than 60 years over the past 10 years, the incidence of surgery for BOF and IOFB increased significantly in age groups greater than or equal to 60 years during the same period. When the 2020 data were compared with data from 2011-2019, hyphema showed the largest decrease (47.24%) in incidence among all ocular traumas, reaching significance in those ages less than 20 years (64.41%, P=0.004); the incidence of surgery for BOF also showed the largest decrease, in patients age less than 20 years. In the population age greater than or equal to 60 years, higher incidences of surgery for BOF and IOFB were observed (13.08% and 25.53%, respectively). Conclusions: While the incidence of closed-globe injuries has decreased over the past 10 years in age groups less than 60 years, those age with more than 60 years have become more prone to serious ocular trauma. During the COVID-19 era, the incidence of closed-globe injuries fell markedly in patients younger than 20 years of the age, possibly due to social distancing which involved school closures and reduction in outdoor activities.

A Study on the Relationship between Internet Overdependence and Anger Response among Young Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderating Effect on Negative Emotions.

The aim of this study is to examine how Internet dependence affects anger responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to social distancing policies, Internet dependence has intensified, and the prevalence of anger has significantly increased. To understand this phenomenon and draw some implications, the "frustration-aggression hypothesis" was utilized for the theoretical framework and anger response was categorized into functional and dysfunctional anger responses. An analysis shows that overdependence on the Internet has a positive effect on the dysfunctional anger response. At the same time, other negative emotions replace anger, reducing the possibility of a dysfunctional anger response. Accordingly, a need for a constant effort to understand the circumstances of the young generation living in the "new normal" is emphasized; moreover, this paper suggests some theoretical and practical implications.

Role of chest imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19

Background: Thousands of new patients are diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) daily worldwide. We reviewed the role of chest imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19. Current Concepts: Chest imaging is not recommended as a primary diagnostic tool for COVID-19. However, when real-time polymerase chain reaction is difficult to perform or when COVID-19 is strongly suspected, chest imaging can assist in the diagnosis. Thus, chest imaging is recommended for high-risk patients and patients with worsening respiratory symptoms, but not for asymptomatic patients. Bilateral peripheral pneumonia is a typical imaging finding in patients with COVID-19. However, there are cases where chest imaging shows atypical findings or appears normal. The extent of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest imaging is related to the severity of the disease. The presence and extent of pneumonia on chest imaging can help monitor patients, select appropriate treatment agents, determine whether the patient should be hospitalized, and predict the prognosis. Discussion and Conclusion: Appropriate use of chest imaging is needed for clinicians to help triage patients with COVID-19 and decide on the treatment plan.